摘 要

ABSTRACT II

1 多变性的叙事视角.................................................................................................................. - 1 -

1.1 与多重叙事者的结合..................................................................................................- 2 -

1.2 与多层叙事时间的交织..............................................................................................- 4 -

1.3 第一人称视角的越界....................................................................................................- 6 -

2 别具一格的叙事结构.............................................................................................................. - 9 -

2.1 包含式的框架结构......................................................................................................- 9 -

2.2 递进式的推进结构.................................................................................................... - 11 -

2.3 预揭式的网洞结构....................................................................................................- 12 -

3 推陈出新的叙事风格............................................................................................................ - 14 -

3.1 哥特式风格的继承与发展........................................................................................- 14 -

3.2 浪漫主义与古典美学的创新糅合............................................................................- 16 -

结 论.......................................................................................................................................... - 18 -

参考文献...................................................................................................................................... - 19 -

致 谢 ............................................................................................................................................ - 21 -

中文摘要

爱伦•坡作为享誉世界的 19 世纪美国著名诗人、小说家和文学评论家，其短篇小说历来被奉为文学创作上的经典。本文从叙事视角、叙事结构以及叙事风格三个方面对其短篇小说进行了论述：在叙事视角上，爱伦•坡的小说多采用第一人称视角叙事，结合其叙述者在角色塑造上的多重性，小说在叙述上就具有独特的叙事效果和与读者高度的互动性。同时，为达到“效果统一论”的要求，小说在叙事中还灵巧地将第一人称的叙事视角与多层叙事时间结合起来，增强了文本的整体叙述效果。此外，当第一人称视角发生越界现象时，总是暗自隐藏于故事内容中，在不打乱原有故事线的前提下，将原有视角侵入全知视角中，以最自然的过渡方式来提供适当的故事信息；从叙事结构上看，爱伦•坡短篇小说的结构形式可归纳为三种，框架式结构在小说中结合了“效果统一论”的主张进行创新使用，强化了小说的文本效果表达和主题思想的传播。而在递进式的结构中，读者往往更容易迅速带入情感，对故事情节的发展有更深的感受与共鸣。网洞式的结构则区别于前两者的严谨构建，在叙事中会提前留下相关暗示和铺垫，为小说深层主题的揭露留下伏笔；此外，爱伦•坡的短篇小说在叙事风格上也独树一帜， 不仅是吸纳传统哥特式小说元素、浪漫主义与古典美学的特质化为己用，而且在原始叙事特征上加入自身的再创造，给传统的叙事手法注入新的时代活力。

关键词：爱伦•坡；短篇小说；叙事艺术

ABSTRACT

As a well-known American poet,novelist and literary critic in 19th,Allan Poe's short stories are regarded as classic works in literary creation.This paper discuss them in three aspects, which are narrative perspective, narrative structure and narrative style: In narrative perspective, Allan Poe's short stories often use first-perspective with multiple narrotor ,which makes the narration of fictions conclude unique narrative effect and high interactivity with readers. Meanwhile the short stories properly connect first-perspective with multilevel narrative time that enhance the whole story effect to reach the requests of effect unification. Besides, when the first-perspective in short stories cross the line,it is always concealed in the story plots,which can transfrom the original perspective into omniscient view,offer appropriate informations in natural transitions without disturbing primary story line.When comes to the narrative structure ,it can be divided in three ways, the frame structure strengthen the expression of story effect and the transmit of theme by combining with effect unification innovatively,the progressive structure can make readers put emotions in story more quickly and easier as well as acquire feelings and resonance deeper,the net hole structure is different from the others with careless constitution ,which will leave hints and groundwork in advance to get ready for uncovering the deep theme in stories.Also, Allan Poe's narrative style of stories is special,it not only absorbs gothic elements, romanticism and classical aesthetics to use ,but also adds his creative ideas to old narrative style that produce new age vitality for old.

Key words：Allon poe ; short stories; narrative art