论王尔德的唯美主义道德观 ——以《道连格雷的画像》为例毕业论文

 2021-04-04 10:04

摘 要

ABSTRACT II

1 前 言 ..........................................................................- 1

1.1 王尔德唯美主义道德观的产生背景 ..........................................- 1

1.2 王尔德唯美主义道德观研究综述 ............................................- 2

2 唯美主义道德观的主要特点.......................................................- 5

2.1 社会批判性 .............................................................- 5

2.2 摆脱困惑性 .............................................................- 5

2.3 自我塑造性 .............................................................- 6

2.4 惩罚随意性 .............................................................- 6

3 唯美主义视野下的道德判断.......................................................- 8

3.1 艺术追求的实现 .........................................................- 8

3.2 自我主体的确立 .........................................................- 9

3.3 传统道德的没落 ........................................................- 10

3.4 道德判断的悖论 ........................................................- 11

4 唯美主义实践下的道德危机......................................................- 13

4.1 迷恋美的形式 ..........................................................- 13

4.2 坚持美的主宰 ..........................................................- 14

4.3 接受道德干预 ..........................................................- 15

5 唯美主义道德观的矛盾性........................................................- 18

5.1 “悖论”的形成与作用...................................................- 18

5.2 生活是艺术作品 ........................................................- 19

5.3 艺术是道德准则 ........................................................- 20

5.4 个人是道德单位 ........................................................- 20 -

结 论 .........................................................................- 22

参考文献 .......................................................................- 23

致 谢 .........................................................................- 25

中文摘要

《道连·格雷的画像》是王尔德唯一的长篇小说,蕴涵其美学思想悖论与统一的复杂性 、深刻性,是领悟与辨析其唯美主义思想的“敲门砖”。小说自出版起,便受到了许多非议,最大的批评是指责其“不道德”。随着研究的深入,对王尔德唯美主义道德观的评价已不再是“一边倒”式的批判态度。小说中所呈现的“唯美主义道德判断”、

“唯美主义道德追求”、“唯美主义道德限制”等具有矛盾性与争议性的问题,赋予了研究者广大的探讨空间,唯美主义道德观在后现代主义的延续与隐现,也验证了学者对其进行现代性视角研究的重要价值。文章结合王尔德唯美主义理论与其生平经历,细读

《道连·格雷的画像》的文本结构、语言特色、情节发展、人物塑造等;然后总结提出王尔德唯美主义道德观念;接着结合小说中的美学实验,在现当代文学艺术审美情境下, 对王尔德唯美主义道德思想做出评论。文章认为:王尔德试图走出一条可以服务于唯美主义艺术诉求的道路,然而,这条道路实则无法实现艺术与道德的背离,具有不可行性。小说中的美学实验揭示了:以模仿艺术为目的的生活,不仅无法脱离唯美主义道德判断, 还会受到传统道德的双重审判。

关键词:奥斯卡·王尔德;《道连·格雷的画像》;唯美主义;道德

ABSTRACT

Wilde’s sole novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray, implies the complexity and profoundness of Wilde's aesthetic thought and unity. It is a "knock-and-click" for comprehending and distinguishing Wilde's aestheticism. The Picture of Dorian Gray has received a lot of criticism since its publication, most people criticize that his work is immoral. With the deep exploration of the research, the evaluation of Wilde's aesthetic ethics is no longer "one-sided" critical. The contradictory and controversial issues of "aesthetic moral judgment", "aesthetic moral pursuit" and "aesthetic moral restrictions" presented in the novel have given researchers a broad space for discussion. The continuation and looming of aesthetic moral principle in postmodernism also verifies the important value of its research on modernity. This article combines Wilde's aestheticism with his life experience, first analyze the details of The Picture of Dorian Gray and study its text structure, language features, plot development, character shaping, etc.; then summarize and propose the moral concept of Wilde's aestheticism; then combined with the aesthetic experiments in the novel, in the aesthetic situation of modern and contemporary literature and art, comment on Oscar Wilde's aesthetic morality. Studies suggest that, Wilde tries to walk out a path that can serve the artistic appeal of aestheticism. However, this road can't realize the deviation between art and morality, and it is not feasible. The aesthetic experiment in the novel reveals that life with the purpose of imitating art can not only be separated from aesthetic moral judgment, but also subject to the dual judgment of traditional morality.

Key words:Oscar Wilde;The Picture of Dorian Gary ; Aestheticism;Moral concept

1 前言

王尔德唯美主义道德观的产生背景

奥斯卡·王尔德是英国唯美主义艺术运动的倡导者,其文学作品并不多,但他却成为唯美主义文学思潮的领军人物。王尔德的作品与生涯,昭示了他的思想轨迹。其人生短暂而又精彩:特立独行的穿着打扮、机制敏锐的语言谈吐,是他示人的姿态;一场轰轰烈烈的同性恋情诉讼案件,将他引上了舆论的风口浪尖, 而官司败诉使他终究锒铛入狱、名誉尽毁、郁郁而终。回到王尔德的理论研究领域,他在众多文论中阐释了他的唯美主义主张,其中最显著的两个特点就是:“超脱于生活”和“以美为至上法则”。

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