摘 要

ABSTRACT II

前言..................................................................... - 1

1 悲剧形成的个人原因 ..................................................... - 3

1.1 性格与社会标准产生冲突 ........................................... - 3

1.2 过分追求自由 ..................................................... - 4

1.3 感性与理性失衡 ................................................... - 5

2 悲剧形成的家庭原因 ..................................................... - 7

2.1 亲属关系病态 ..................................................... - 7

2.2 家庭教育缺失 ..................................................... - 8

2.3 家族成员宗教信仰缺失 ............................................. - 9

2.4 凯蒂话语权遭家族压制 ............................................ - 10

3 悲剧形成的社会原因 .................................................... - 12

3.1 南方妇女观 ...................................................... - 12

3.2 男权文化的双重标准 .............................................. - 13

3.3 清教禁欲主义与少女天性发生冲突 .................................. - 14

4 凯蒂悲剧的重要意义 .................................................... - 15

结 论 .................................................................. - 16

参考文献................................................................ - 17

致 谢 .................................................................. - 19

中文摘要

《喧哗与骚动》中凯蒂的命运悲剧是多重因素造成的。在分析凯蒂悲剧形成的基础时，文章主要从个人原因、家庭原因和社会原因三个方面进行梳理和论证。就凯蒂个人而言，她天性叛逆且向往自由，她热情奔放的个性使她无法屈从于社会中男尊女卑的潮流，坚持自我最终令她众叛亲离、身败名裂。在追求自由的过程中，凯蒂忽视了社会对于女性的要求，太过感情用事，这些问题是导致悲剧的直接原因；就家庭环境而言，平庸懦弱的父亲、虚荣刻薄的母亲和三个病态的兄弟无法令凯蒂感受到亲情，这个缺乏关怀和正面教育的家庭是造成她悲剧的间接原因；就社会环境而言，这个男权至上、信仰崩塌的时代不断给凯蒂施压，凯蒂在宗教信仰的束缚和舆论的重压下如履薄冰。旧南方社会的传统文化是凯蒂成为悲剧人物的根本原因。

关键词：威廉·福克纳；《喧哗与骚动》；凯蒂；悲剧

ABSTRACT

In The Sound and the Fury, the tragedy of Caddy's fate is caused by multiple factors. In analyzing the foundation of the formation of Caddy's tragedy, the article mainly combs and argues from three aspects. As far as Caddy is concerned, her passionate and free personality makes her unable to succumb to the trend of male superiority in society .Persevering in self ultimately makes her rebellious and ruined. In the process of pursuing freedom, Caddy neglected the social requirements for women, too emotional, these problems are the direct cause of tragedy. As far as the family environment is concerned, the mediocre father, the vain mother and the three sick brothers cannot make Caddy feel the affection. This family lacking care and positive education is the indirect cause of her tragedy. As far as the social environment is concerned, this era of patriarchal supremacy and collapse of faith continues to exert pressure on Caddy. Caddy is as thin as ice under the weight of religious beliefs and public opinion. The traditional culture of the old Southern society is the root cause of Caddy becoming a tragic character.

Key words：William Faulkner；The Sound and the Fury；Caddy；tragedy

前言

威廉·福克纳（William Faulkner，1897-1962）被公认为美国最典型的南方作家，他的作品《喧哗与骚动》不仅是意识流小说中的翘楚，也是了解美国南方社会历史的一面镜子。小说主要描述了美国南方康普生家族在激烈的时代动荡中顽强挣扎，坚持守旧却最终没落的故事。书中出现的主要人物大多都以悲剧收场。本文主要研究女主人公凯蒂的悲剧。在这部小说中，众多人物形象被塑造得栩栩如生， 但是福克纳最喜欢的仍然是凯蒂，他对凯蒂是怀有特殊感情的，“我对自己说，现在可以写了，可以为自己创造一只花瓶，像罗马老人那样放在床头，吻个不停，以致边缘都磨损花瓶。我没有过姐妹，命中注定要失去襁褓中的女儿，这就动身为自己创造一个美丽而悲惨的小女孩。”1 从这段评论中，福克纳对于凯蒂的欣赏和喜爱程度可见一斑，这段话同时也暗示了凯蒂的悲惨命运。