摘 要

《红楼梦》是悠远、璀璨的中国传统文化的杰出代表。作为中国古典文学作品中最卓越的长篇小说之一，除小说主体文字部分之外，《红楼梦》中还包括诗、词、曲、谚、赞、诔、偈语、辞赋、灯谜、酒令、骈文、歌谣、联额、书启、拟古文等其他文学体裁，可以说真正做到了“文备众体”。近年来，文学界对《红楼梦》中出现的诗、词、曲、赋、楹联、灯谜、偈语等研究越来越深入。且灯谜在中国源远流长，经过春秋战国时期到宋元时期不断的发展演变，在明清时到达鼎盛，猜灯谜成为风靡于中国民间的娱乐项目。而在《红楼梦》中,更是以浓墨重彩之笔着重描写了猜制灯谜的相关情节,和作品浑然一体,不可分割。因此，《红楼梦》中的灯谜更是不断被专家学者拿来反复研究探讨。书中灯谜共有三十二则，分布在不同的章节中，猜制灯谜的活动发生在不同的节日背景下。本文分别以灯谜的类型、特色及其作用作为研究的专题，在此基础上对《红楼梦》中的灯谜进行相对来说比较具体、系统、深入的分析。另一方面，通过对《红楼梦》中猜制灯谜情节的描写，间接地向我们展示了清朝时期的岁时习俗。因此本文在灯谜文本特色基础上，结合文化学、民俗学等领域知识分析灯谜的作用及意义，进一步理解清朝的岁时习俗文化。

关键词：《红楼梦》；灯谜；类型；特色；作用

In a dream of red mansions riddles characteristics and action research

ABSTRACT

The dream of Red Mansions is an outstanding representative of the distant and bright Chinese traditional culture. As one of the most outstanding Chinese novels in classical literature, in addition to the main part of the novel text, "a dream of Red Mansions" also includes poems, songs, proverbs, praise, eulogy, and his prose, parallel prose, songs, prohibition, lantern riddles, volume, book, pseudo ancient and other literary genres, can say truly "the synthesis of genres". In recent years, the literary world of "dream of Red Mansions" in the poems, songs, Fu, couplets, lantern riddles, more in-depth study on difference etc.. And in China lantern riddles has a long history, after the spring and Autumn period to the evolution of the development of the song and Yuan Dynasties, reached its peak in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, became popular in the Folk Lantern Riddles China entertainment. In "a dream of Red Mansions", is the pen described thick and heavy in colours for the related plot guess lantern riddles, and works all blend into one harmonious whole is inseparable. Therefore, the "dream of Red Mansions" in the lantern riddles is constantly being used repeatedly on experts and scholars. In the book there are thirty-two lantern riddles, distribution in different chapters, guess lantern riddles system activities occur in different festivals background. In this paper, types, characteristics and effects of lantern riddles as the research subject, on the basis of the "dream of Red Mansions" in the relatively specific, lantern riddles are a systematic and in-depth analysis. On the other hand, through the "dream of Red Mansions" guess lantern riddles for the description of the scenes, indirectly to show us the old customs in Qing dynasty. This paper will be in the text of lantern riddles features based on the combination of cultural studies, folklore and other fields of knowledge to analyze the role and significance of the further understanding of the Qing Dynasty lantern riddles, the old customs culture.

Key words：a dream of red mansions；Lantern riddle；Type；Characteristic；Role.

目 录

前 言 - 1 -

1 《红楼梦》中出现的灯谜类型 - 3 -

1.1 物谜 - 3 -

1.2 文谜 - 4 -

1.3 姓名谜 - 5 -

1.4 字谜 - 6 -

1.5 事谜 - 7 -

1.6 诗谜 - 8 -

2 《红楼梦》中灯谜的特色 - 9 -

2.1 语言的个性化 - 9 -

2.2 形式的多样化 - 10 -