摘 要

ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………….……….....…......….II

绪论………..…………………………………………………………………….……….….…….….1

1 新造词偏误类型及语料分析…………………………………………………………………….2

1.1 语素有相关对应词…………………………………………………………………………2

1.2 语素无相关对应词…………………………………………………………………………3

1.3 类比造词…………………………………………………………………………………4

1.4 多词混合…………………………………………………………………………………7

1.5 无对应词…………………………………………………………………………………8

1.6 增加词缀…………………………………………………………………………………9

2 偏误评价及原因分析……………………………………………………………………………10

2.1 偏误评价…………………………………………...……………………………………10

2.2 原因分析…………………………………………………………………………………10

2.2.1 词汇系统的影响…………………………………………………..………………10

2.2.2 留学生母语的影响…………………………………………………………………11

2.2.3 词汇教学的影响…………………………………..………………………………11

3 对改进教学的建议…………………………………..…………………………………………12

3.1 教学原则…...........................................................................................……………12

3.1.1 系统性原则……………………………………………………….………………12

3.1.2 阶段性原则…………………………………………………..…………………12

3.1.3 交际性原则……………………………………..………………………………13

3.2 教学方法……………………………………………………………….…………………13

结论………………………………………………………..………………………………………15

参考文献…………………………………………….……………………………………………16

附录 250个偏误新造词……………………....…………..……………………...……..……...…18

致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………………21

中文摘要

词语是各种语言信息的集合，它集语音、语法、语义、语用与文化于一体，主导着语言的结构和机制。而外国留学生在遣词造句的时候，由于词汇量小，迫于交际需要，会用已有的汉语构词规律和学过的语素想当然地把意思表达出来，因此产生了大量的“新造词”。对这部分词语进行分析，可以了解留学生在词语习得过程中表现出来的一些特点和规律。本研究将通过对HSK动态作文语料库中偏误的新造词进行收集整理，并结合留学生的原文进行分类统计。通过归纳总结新造词偏误、分析偏误产生的原因，从而在教学中尽量注意词汇的教导，能够达到减少、避免新造词偏误产生的效果，能利用偏误分析最大限度地、有效地减少偏误的发生。这项工作对汉语合成词的偏误研究有很重要的价值。本课题主要研究HSK动态作文语料库中外国留学生在学习与使用汉语时所产生的词汇偏误，着重研究其中的新造词偏误，同时结合留学生的母语来分析其产生偏误的原因。研究希望通过分析新造词偏误，了解以下问题：首先是了解留学生新造词偏误的主要类型及其所占的比例；其次是通过对各个类型的详细分析，了解留学生在词语习得过程中受到何种规律或因素的制约从而产生新造词偏误的情况，以探讨对外汉语词汇教学方面的教学方法。

关键词：新造词；偏误分析；HSK动态作文语料库

ABSTRACT

Words are a collection of linguistic information, which integrates phonology, grammar, semantics, pragmatics and culture, and dominates the structure and mechanism of language. Because of the small quantity of vocabulary and the need of communication, students will express their meaning with the rules of Chinese word formation and the morphemes they have learned, so a lot of "new words" have been produced. By analyzing this part of words, we can understand some characteristics and rules of foreign students in the process of vocabulary acquisition. This study will collect and sort out the wrong new words in the HSK dynamic composition corpus, and classify and statistics the original texts of foreign students. By summing up the new word-making errors and analyzing the causes of them, so as to pay attention to the teaching of vocabulary as much as possible in teaching, we can reduce the number of new word-making errors, avoid the effect of new word-making errors, and make use of bias analysis to maximize the extent to which it is possible to make use of bias analysis. Effectively reduce the occurrence of errors. This work is of great value to the study of errors in Chinese compound words. This paper mainly studies the lexical errors caused by the native English-speaking foreign students in the HSK dynamic composition Corpus, with emphasis on the new word-making errors. At the same time combined with the mother tongue of foreign students to analyze the causes of errors. The research hopes to understand the following questions by analyzing the errors of new words. Firstly, understanding the main types of neologism errors made by overseas students and their proportion.

Key words：New words；Error analysis；HSK Dynamic Composition Corpus