摘 要

ABSTRACT................................................................................................................................................ - 2 -

1 引 言 ................................................................................................................................................... - 3 -

2 余华创作的转型................................................................................................................................... - 5 -

2.1 80 年代的余华........................................................................................................................... - 5 -

2.2 90 年代的余华........................................................................................................................... - 6 -

3 《活着》中苦难的分析....................................................................................................................... - 8 -

3.1 苦难的叙述................................................................................................................................ - 8 -

3.2 高尚的作品................................................................................................................................ - 9 -

4 《活着》中人性的挖掘..................................................................................................................... - 11 -

4.1 亲情爱情.................................................................................................................................. - 11 -

4.2 至真至善.................................................................................................................................. - 12 -

4.3 尊重生命.................................................................................................................................. - 14 -

5 结 语 ................................................................................................................................................. - 17 -

参考文献................................................................................................................................................... - 20 -

致 谢 ....................................................................................................................................................... - 21 -

浅析《活着》中苦难背后的人性美

摘 要

余华作为当代先锋派中独树一帜的作家，其作品极具先锋精神，时常表现出苦难和死亡对人生的威胁，而苦难一直是他小说创作的母题，在他的作品中有着大量对苦难的描写。他常常通过将主人公安排于令人难以想象的巨大压力之下来展现主题，在他笔下苦难和死亡如影随行接踵而至，主人公面对人生无边无际的苦难， 不管怎么努力与挣扎，为了“活着”似乎只能选择承受，但是在承受的过程中却展现了人性的光辉，这在他九十年代转型后的作品中体现得较为明显。余华的转型对先锋文学乃至整个文坛的发展产生了重要的影响，指引了新的创作方向，引导文学创作对人性美的追求以及正能量的传递。余华在他的作品《活着》中对苦难做了非常全面的叙述，通过塑造一个个栩栩如生的人物形象并描述他们一系列苦难的遭遇，展现人“活着”的无奈和艰辛，这些对苦难的描述并不单纯是为了要表述苦难本身，而是要通过苦难来折射出温暖的人性，表达人性的美好，主张对苦难的承担， 在苦难中追求积极向上的人性之美，体现对人性美善的呼唤。

关键词：余华；《活着》；苦难；人性美

An Analysis of the Beauty of Humanity behind the Suffering in “Living”

ABSTRACT

Yu Hua, as a unique writer in the contemporary avant-garde, his works are very avant-garde and often displays the threat of life and suffering to death. Suffering has always been the subject of his novel creation. There are many descriptions of suffering in his novels. He often presents the subject by arranging the hero to be under unimaginably intense pressure. His pains and deaths go hand in hand. The protagonist faces the boundless suffering of his life, no matter how hard and struggling, in order to “live”. It seems that people can just choose to bear. However, in the process of suffering shows the brilliance of human nature. This is obvious in his works in the 1990s. Yu Hua’s transformation has had an important influence on the development of the avant-garde literature and even the entire literatus. It has guided the direction of the new creation and guided the literary creation’s pursuit of the beauty of human nature and the transmission of positive energy. Yu Hua made a very comprehensive description of suffering in his book “Living”. He showed the helplessness and hardship of “Living” by depicting a series of lifelike characters and describing their experiences of a series of miseries. These descriptions of suffering are not simply to express the suffering itself, but to reflect the warmth of human nature through suffering, to express the beauty of human nature, to advocate for the suffering, to seek positive and progressive human beauty in suffering, and to reflect the call for human beauty.

Key words：Yu Hua；Living；suffering；Human beauty

1 引 言

伴随着生产力的迅速发展，物质文明越来越发达，物质文明和精神文明发展失衡的问题也不可避免地出现了。社会压力大，竞争力强，人们的思想受到冲击，轻视生命、人情的冷漠、人性的缺失等问题随之出现，人们对人性美善、活着的意义、生命价值的认识出现了偏差甚至扭曲。因此需要向人们传递正能量来进行引导，文学作为人的学问，人性作为文学永恒的主题，对于人性的研究和创作是现实和文学的不懈追求，文学作品对表现人性美善，传递正能量，形成正确的价值观担负着重任。《活着》作为余华的代表作之一，同时也是一部优秀的文学作品，主人公福贵充满了苦难的一生具有极大的教育意义，他的经历和对待生命的态度振奋人心恰好可以鼓励当下的人们。本文旨在通过对《活着》进行浅析，分析小说中人们对待苦难人生的方式和态度，发掘苦难背后的人性美，激发人们对人性真善美的追求， 唤起人们对活着和生命意义的思考。