摘 要

果报观念在我国源远流长，又经历了与佛教中的因果报应观念相融合发展的过程。到了明代，佛道二教兴盛，与现实的残酷相比，世人更倾向于佛道两家所描绘的理想世界。人们以沉浸于宗教之中为乐事，希望获得心灵的慰藉，摆脱今世之苦难，祈求来世之幸福。一时之间，社会宗教信仰的氛围浓厚，因果报应思想至此已经有了一定的社会基础。而明人冯梦龙、凌濛初所著的中国话本小说的集大成者“三言二拍”，在这样的社会背景下诞生，不可避免且大量的包含着因果报应的思想。二人作为有志之士，在面对社会风气日益下行的局面，背负起教化人民群众、维护社会稳定的责任，借由当时颇受市井阶层欢迎的话本小说的形式，向世人进行“劝善”。由此看来“三言二拍”不仅仅是文学形式方面的一座高峰，其借由因果报应思想传达的社会意义更具关注的价值。因此，本文从因果报应思想角度出发，探究“三言二拍”中包含大量因果报应思想的原因及意义。

关键字：“三言二拍”；因果报应；宗教背景；现实意义

Embodiment of "San Yan Er Pai" karma thought

ABSTRACT

Born under the master of Mengchu religious faith and the suffering of the consolation of hope, to describe the retribution idea in our country has a long history, and experience with the Buddhist concept of karma integration development process. To the Ming Dynasty, Buddhism and Taoism flourished, and the reality of the cruel, more people tend to Buddhism and Taoism ideal world. People immersed in religion for the pleasure of mind, get rid of this world, pray for the afterlife happiness. All of a sudden, the social atmosphere, karma thought so far has a certain social foundation. And Ming Feng Menglong, Ling Chinese vernacular novels in "San Yan Er Pai", in such a social background, it is inevitable And a lot of contains the idea of karma. As people with lofty ideals, in the face of the general mood of society increasingly downward situation, bear moral people, maintain social stability of responsibility, borrow by the then popular marketplace class the vernacular novel form, to the world of "goodness". In view of this "San Yan Er Pai" is not only a peak in the forms of literature, through social meaning conveyed by the karma thought more attention to the value. Therefore, this paper from the point of view of karma thought of inquiry in the "San Yan Er Pai" contains a lot because fruit retribution thought the reason and significance.

Key words："San Yan Er pai"；karma；religious background；realistic significance

因果报应思想的产生及在明代社会思潮中的影响

因果报应的内涵

因果报应，也被称为“果报”，出自于佛家经典。所谓“因”是种因，为能生；“果”是结果，为所生。由此因得此果，即为因果义。佛家认为，因果联系存在于世间万物当中，即“因缘合和而生，因缘离散而灭”。

因果报应是佛教的一项基本理论，佛教用它来说明万事万物之间的关系。佛教有三世之说，“三世”，即前世、现世、来世轮回。因果报应观就是佛教的根本要旨。但是因果报应思想却并非在佛教传入中国之后才产生，中国的传统观念里最迟在先秦就已经出现“报”和“报应”的思想。《易·传》“文言”中就有