摘 要

郭璞先生所著的《尔雅注》（下称《尔雅郭注》）是我国现存的最完整的一部雅学文献，它对学者们在训诂学上的探索有重要意义。然而，在历朝历代不停地缮写、刊刻以后，注本变得种类繁多且版本复杂起来。同时，关于避讳，宋朝相比以前的朝代，在书写和政治上作的规定也更加严格。因此在宋代，无论是写作、刊刻还是书籍流通都格外注重字的避讳。这一现象的产生为学者提供了许多研究课题，通过避讳字来了解书籍版本情况以及避讳制度就是诸多课题中的一种。文章以周祖谟先生所著《尔雅校笺》为参考，结合宋朝君主名讳，把书中“恒、胤、匡、玄、朗、殷、桓、赪、絃、贞、弦、桢、貆、勗”等21个避讳字分为正讳避讳、嫌名避讳、构件字避讳、习惯性避讳、未避讳五种类型研究，大致确定宋监本《尔雅郭注》的成书时间不早于宋孝宗时期。与此同时，文章通过对中国古代尤其是宋代的避讳制度进行考察，分析避讳字产生条件，并结合汉字自身特点以及《尔雅郭注》的性质特点分析其多采用缺笔方式避讳的缘由。

关键词：《尔雅郭注》；避讳字；宋朝；版本问题

The study of Guopult;Eryazhugt;taboo words

ABSTRACT

lt;Eryazhugt;which is written by Guopu is the earliest and most complete preservation, the greatest impact of a refined literature in our country. However, through the dynasties constantly copying, printing, publishing,photoprinversion after the situation has become very complex.Furthermore, in the Song Dynasty especially pay attention to political control more strongly, in writing, publishing books, circulationarea on words taboo, so the problem is also complicated. To avoid taking Mr Zhou Zumo's" Erya commentary "as the reference, combined with the Song Dynasty emperor Hui, the book" Yin, listless, Lang, Huan, Heng, Philip, Xuan, Yin, Kuang, really, good "taboo wordsIs divided into taboo taboo, taboo words too name, member of habitual taboo, taboo, taboo is not on the five type, roughly determine the time monitoring of the song booklt;Eryazhugt; no earlier than the Song Xiaozong period. At the same time, based on the ancient Chinese especially of taboo system in Song Dynasty, analysis of taboo words production conditions, combined with its own characteristics Chinese characters and lt;Eryazhugt; to analyze the features of the nature of reason a taboo way.

Key words：Guopult;Eryazhugt;；Taboo words；Taboo system in Song Dynasty；Version problem

目 录

前言………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1

1《尔雅》及其注本概述………………………………………………………………………………… 2

1.1 《尔雅》概述……………………………………………………………………………… 2

1.2 避讳字表………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

2 《尔雅郭注》避讳字类型考察…………………………………………………………………………… 4

2.1 正讳避讳类…………………………………………………………………………………… 5

　 2.2 构件字避讳类………………………………………………………………………………… 6

2.3 嫌名避讳类型…………………………………………………………………………………… 6

2.4 习惯性避讳类…………………………………………………………………………………… 7

2.5 未避讳类型…………………………………………………………………………………… 7

3 《尔雅郭注》避讳字产生条件………………………………………………………………………… 9

3.1 《尔雅郭注》避讳的历史原因……………………………………………………………… 9

3.1.1 避讳历史………………………………………………………………………………… 9

3.1.2 宋朝特殊的时代背景…………………………………………………………………… 9

3.2 《尔雅郭注》主要采用缺笔避讳的原因………………………………………………………… 10

3.2.1 汉字自身特点………………………………………………………………………… 10

3.2.1 本书的性质………………………………………………………………………… 11

４ 从避讳字看《尔雅郭注》版本问题…………………………………………………………………… 13

4.1 《尔雅郭注》中出现的君王名讳避与不避讳的现象……………………………………… 13

4.2 避讳字反映《尔雅郭注》的版本问题……………………………………………………… 13

结论 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 14

致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15

参考文献 ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 16