摘 要

ABSTRACT - 2 -

引 言 - 3 -

1 对外汉字教学现状 - 1 -

1.1对外汉字教学的现状 - 1 -

1.2对外汉字研究的现状 - 1 -

2 汉字文化的构成与汉字文化教学的必要性 - 3 -

2.1汉字文化构成 - 3 -

2.1.1汉字中的物质文化 - 3 -

2.1.2汉字中的制度文化 - 3 -

2.1.3汉字中的精神文化 - 4 -

2.2汉字文化教学的必要性 - 4 -

2.2.1汉字具有很高的地位 - 4 -

2.2.2汉字体现了中华文化 - 5 -

3 对外汉字文化教学的作用和方法 - 6 -

3.1对外汉字文化教学的作用 - 6 -

3.1.1提高学习效率 - 6 -

3.1.2减轻学习负担 - 6 -

3.1.3减少错别字的书写 - 6 -

3.1.4培养学习兴趣，弘扬中华文化 - 7 -

3.2汉字教学的方法 - 7 -

3.2.1利用汉字的造字法 - 8 -

3.2.2分析偏旁部首的文化含义 - 8 -

3.2.3融入文化故事 - 8 -

3.2.4利用汉字游戏教学 - 9 -

4 汉字字形习得偏误以及成因探讨 - 10 -

4.1汉字字形习得偏误分析 - 10 -

4.1.1汉字笔画的偏误 - 10 -

4.1.2汉字部件的偏误 - 11 -

4.1.3汉字整字的偏误 - 12 -

4.2 汉字习得偏误成因探讨 - 12 -

4.2.1学习动机 - 12 -

4.2.2学习态度 - 12 -

4.2.3学习策略 - 13 -

4.2.4学习环境因素和母语因素 - 13 -

结 论 - 14 -

参考文献 - 15 -

致 谢 - 16 -

中文摘要

汉字教学是对外汉语教学的重要组成部分，对传播中华文化有着重要的意义。近年来，汉语国际教育行业越加兴盛，对外汉语教学各个方面研究也相应取得了较快发展。汉字教学是对外汉语教学中重要的组成部分，而且是整个对外汉语教学中不可或缺的一环。对于许多来自非汉字文化圈的欧美学习者来说，汉字成了严重影响汉语学习的瓶颈。目前，大多汉字教学关注点是汉字的工具性，汉字的文化性往往被忽视。我们注意到，以教学为目的的汉字文化研究和汉字文化在对外汉字教学中应用的研究比较欠缺。本文分为四个部分。内容如下：

首先是本文的引言部分，包括汉字与文化的关系、汉字的文化构成。

第一部分：对外汉字教学和研究的现状。

第二部分：汉字文化的构成与在对外汉字教学中融入汉字文化的必要性。

第三部分：对外汉字教学的作用和方法。

第四部分：汉字字形习得偏误，从笔画、部件以及整字这三面探讨，另外分析汉字习得偏误产生的原因。

结语：总结全文。

本论文强调向学习者讲清汉字的性质特点，让其对汉字有深入的理解，可以帮助学习者对汉字有一个全新的认识，将汉字文化渗透到对外汉字教学中，寓教于乐，让留学生理解性学习，可以有效增强留学生学习汉字的兴趣，有利于减少汉字学习的畏难情绪。

关键词：对外汉语；汉字与汉文化；作用与方法；习得偏误

ABSTRACT

The teaching of Chinese characters is an important part of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, which is of great significance to the dissemination of Chinese culture. In recent years, the international education of Chinese language has become more and more prosperous, and the research on all aspects of teaching Chinese as a foreign language has developed rapidly. Chinese character teaching is an important part of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and is an indispensable part of the whole teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. For many European and American learners from non-Chinese cultural circles, Chinese characters have become a bottleneck that seriously affects the learning of Chinese. At present, most Chinese characters teaching focus on the instrumental nature of Chinese characters, Chinese culture is often ignored. We notice that the research of Chinese character culture for teaching purposes and the application of Chinese character culture in foreign Chinese character teaching are relatively deficient. This paper is divided into four parts. It reads as follows:

At first，the introduction of this paper, including the relationship between Chinese characters and culture, the cultural composition of Chinese characters.

The first part：the present situation of Chinese character teaching and research in foreign countries.

The second part：the constitution of Chinese character culture and the necessity of integrating Chinese character culture into foreign Chinese character teaching.

The third part:：the function and method of Chinese character teaching.

The fourth part： discusses the errors in the acquisition of Chinese characters from the three aspects of stroke, parts and whole characters, and analyzes the causes of errors in the acquisition of Chinese characters.