摘 要

ABSTRACT

1 緒論 1

2 《龍龕手鏡•金部》同形字產生途徑 3

2.1 形近混同 3

(1) 【䥴-鑴】 3

(2) 【釗-釚】 3

(3) 【錬-鍊】 4

(4) 【鍜-鍛】 4

(5) 【鈙-鈘】 5

(6) 【鈄-斜-斗】 5

2.2 偏旁更換 5

(1) 【釫-鏵】 5

(2) 【銏-矟】 6

2.3 構件移位 6

(1) 【鏕-鏖】 6

2.4 字形簡省 6

(1) 【鐙-鋀】 6

(2) 【銛-懖】 7

(3) 【鑇-齊-齎】 7

(4) 【錞-鐓】 7

(5) 【鍚-鐊】 8

(6) 【鑘-鑸】 8

2.5 構件增繁 8

(1) 【䤺-釿-斤】 8

(2) 【鉀-甲】 8

(3) 【鍤-臿】 9

2.6 造字偶同 9

(1) 【鉏】 9

(2) 【鎬】 9

(3) 【鐺】 9

3 《龍龕手鏡•金部》與化學元素金部字 11

3.1 【鋇】 11

3.2 【鈹】 11

3.3 【鐦】 11

3.4 【鉻】 11

3.5 【鈷】 12

3.6 【鋦】 12

3.7 【鍺】 12

3.8 【鉿】 12

3.9 【鉛】 12

3.10 【鋰】 13

3.11 【鈀】 13

3.12 【鉟】 13

3.13 【釙】 13

3.14 【鉀】 14

3.15 【鐳】 14

3.16 【銣】 14

3.17 【釕】 14

3.18 【釤】 14

3.19 【鈉】 15

3.20 【錫】 15

3.21 【鎢】 15

3.22 【鈾】 15

3.23 【鎕銻】 16

3.24 【𨫢𨮹鏑】 16

3.25 【䥶鎘】 16

3.26 【銵鉺鏗】 16

3.27 【鋨䥫】 16

3.28 【𨧯】 17

结 论 18

參考文獻： 19

致 谢 20

中文摘要

遼代僧人行均撰寫的《龍龕手鏡》在我國字書編纂史上具有獨特的地位，它不僅收錄了大量佛經寫本中的异體俗字字形，而且還收錄了大量疑難的注音和釋義，對于疑難俗字考釋、近代漢字研究、出土和傳世文獻的釋讀、大型字典的編纂與修訂、字書發展史的研究等，均具有重要的研究價值。以往學界《龍龕手鏡》的研究多集中于俗字和疑難字考釋，相關成果非常豐碩。另外，《龍龕手鏡》中有大量的同形字現象，這種現象大多是由于字形訛變等原因造成的，而現有的大型字典《漢語大字典》《漢語大詞典》沒有給予應用的重視，學界對同形字研究成果也非常少。對《龍龕手鏡》中大量的同形字現象進行考察，是研究《龍龕手鏡》的又一重要方面，也是一項亟待加強的工作。

本文選取《龍龕手鏡•金部》所收錄的616個字作爲考察對象，借助我們開發的《龍龕手鏡》專書數據庫，徵引傳世字書（如《說文》、《玉篇》、《篆隸萬象名義》、《廣韵》、《集韵》、《類篇》等）、佛典音義書（如慧琳《一切經音義》、《可洪音義》、《大唐衆經音義》等）、出土文獻字形（如敦煌俗字、石刻文字等）考證金部同形字。按同形字産生途徑的不同，分爲形近混同、偏旁更換、構件移位、字形簡省、構件增繁、造字偶同等六類，依次考察《龙龛手镜》所收字形与其音义的对应关系。对于近代化学家所造的一些金部字，我们拿《化工辭典》與《龍龕手鏡》釋義作對照，考察這些字在現代漢語語境使用中的同形問題。本文考察的例子和相關結論，對於《龍龕手鏡》研究、近代同形字研究、古籍整理和辭書編纂等具有一定的參考價值。

关键词：《龍龕手鏡》；同形字；俗字；字際關係；音義關係

ABSTRACT

The Longkanshoujing written by Xing Jun Buddhist has a unique position in the history of the compilation of Chinese characters. It not only contains a large number of different characters in the Buddhist scriptures, but also contains a lot of difficult phonetic transcriptions and interpretations. It has an important research value in the interpretation of difficult characters, the study of near ancient Chinese characters, the interpretation of unearthed and handed down documents, the compilation and revision of large-scale dictionaries, and the history of research on the history of dictionaries. In the past, the research of longkanshoujing in the academic circles mostly focused on the interpretation of common characters and difficult words, and the related results were very rich. In addition, there are a large number of homographs in longkanshoujing. Most of this phenomenon is caused by the change of glyphs, etc., but the existing large dictionary Chinese Dictionary and Chinese Dictionary don’t pay attention to it, and the academic research on homographs is also very rare. The investigation of a large number of homographs in longkanshoujing is another important aspect of the study of longkanshoujing and a work that needs to be strengthened.

This article selects 616 words included in longkanshoujing as the object of investigation, and draws on the database of longkanshoujing, which we developed, to quotation of the essays (such as ShuoWenJieZi and Jade articles , LiZhuanWanXiang Ming, Guang Yun, Ji Yun, Lei Pian, etc.), Buddhist Transliteration book (such as Hui Lin’s all sounds and sounds, Kang Hong Yin Yi, Da Tang Zhong Jing Yin Yi, etc., unearthed document fonts (such as Dunhuang Proper characters, stone carvings, etc.) According to the different ways of generating homographs, they are divided into similar forms, partial replacements, component shifts, simplified fonts, increased components, and six types of utterances. The characters and their meanings are collected in turn to find their Correspondence relationship. For some of the gold characters created by modern chemists, we compare the definitions of these words in the context of modern Chinese language by comparing the definitions of the Chemical Dictionary with the interpretation of longkanshoujing. The examples and related conclusions examined in this paper have certain reference value for the study of longkanshoujing, the study of modern homographs, the compilation of ancient books and the compilation of dictionaries.