摘 要

爱尔兰剧作家塞缪尔·贝克特是二十世纪荒诞派戏剧的主要代表人物之一，创作过数部反映二战后西方世界人类生存和精神状况的著名戏剧。贝克特虽然以荒诞的剧作手法而闻名于世，但是他的荒诞下所体现的是终极的人文关怀。随着全球生态危机和现代坏境运动而愈渐成为热门话题的生态主义赋予了贝克特的戏剧新的时代内涵，为研究贝克特的戏剧开启了崭新的视角。本文通过分析贝克特的三部戏剧《等待戈多》（1953）、

《终局》（1956）、《啊！美好的日子！》（1961），主张其内容包含着强烈的生态主义思想。论文试图从三个方面分析贝克特的生态主义思想：一是从自然生态的角度探究塞缪尔·贝克特对战后沉寂的自然环境和生存环境的反思；二是从社会生态的角度探究现代工业文明对人类造成的自然危机和精神危机；三是从精神生态的角度探究战争给人们带来的种种难以磨灭及修复的肉体和精神的创伤；并阐明贝克特指出的回归自然才是人类生存之道的思想内涵。总之，贝克特的生态主义思想包含在他的人生经历和作品当中，在全球生态问题日渐严重却不受重视，人的精神世界和生存环境严重失衡的今天， 贝克特的戏剧作品不仅推动同时期诸类文学作品的发展，也对推动社会进步、减小危机具有极大的现实意义。

关键词：塞缪尔·贝克特；生态主义思想；戏剧；回归自然

Interpretation of the ecological thoughts in Samuel Beckett's dramas

—— In “Waiting for Godot”, “The end”, “Ah!the good

days!”Case

ABSTRACT

Irish playwright Samuel Beckett is one of the main representatives of the theater of the absurd in the twentieth century, who created a number of famous drama which reflects the Post-war Western world of human survival and mental status. Although Beckett is famous for fantastic skills. Although Beckett is famous for his absurd skills, but his absurd embodies the ultimate humanistic care. With the global ecological crisis and the bad environmental movement, there gradually becomes a hot topic that the ecological doctrine gives new meanings for Beckett’s plays, opening a new perspective for the study of Beckett's plays. By analyzing three Beckett’s plays "Waiting for Godot" (1953), "The End" (1956), "Ah!the good days! "(1961), the author maintains that the three dramas contain a strong ecological ideology. The thesis attempts to analyze Beckett's ecological thoughts from three aspects: First, inquiry Samuel Beckett’s reflections on the post-war silence of the natural environment and living environment from the angle of natural ecology; Second, inquiry how industrial civilization brings human the natural and spiritual crisis from the social ecological perspective;Third, inquiry that the war brings all sorts of indelible and repair trauma of the physical and mental from the perspective of spiritual ecology; and to clarify Beckett noted a return to nature is the human survival connotation. In short, Beckett’s ecological ideas contained in his work and life, among the increasingly serious ecological problems in the world are not being taken seriously, serious imbalance situation in the spiritual world and the living environment in today, Beckett's dramatic works are not only to promote the same period of various classes of literary works’s development, but also has great practical significance for promoting social progress, reducing the crisis.

Key words：Samuel Beckett；Ecological Thought；drama；returning to natural

目 录

前言 1

1. 生态危机起伏下出生的三部戏剧 2
   1. 三部戏剧的创作背景 2
      1. 复杂的时代背景 2
      2. 贝克特和他的危机意识 2
2. 戏剧中所展现的自然生态危机 4
   1. 荒凉的情境 4
      1. 战后的荒芜 4
      2. 科技的创伤 6
3. 戏剧中所展现的精神生态危机 7
   1. 人类的生存困境 7
      1. 残疾与空虚 7
   2. 人类的精神困境 8
      1. 绝望孤独中的挣扎 8
      2. 流浪中的信仰 9

3.3 原罪 10

1. 可能的出路 11

4.1 希望 11

• 1. 回归自然 12
     1. 控制欲望 12
     2. 满足生理需要 12
     3. 精神上的救赎 13

结论 14

致谢 15