摘 要

ABSTRACT - 4 -

1.前言 - 5 -

2.文官集团与皇权的关系 - 6 -

2.1 文官集团与皇帝 - 6 -

2.1.1冲突与失控——文官集团与正德皇帝 - 6 -

2.1.2服从到无为——文官集团与万历皇帝 - 7 -

2.2 文官集团与皇权代表海瑞 - 8 -

3.文官集团内部关系解读 - 9 -

3.1张居正对文官集团的影响 - 9 -

3.2文官集团与申时行 - 9 -

3.3文官集团的异端李贽 - 10 -

4.文官集团与武将关系 - 12 -

4.1 明朝重文轻武格局的形成 - 12 -

4.2 文官集团与戚继光 - 12 -

4.2.1文武合作的代表 - 12 -

4.2.2文官集团斗争的工具 - 13 -

结 论 - 15 -

参考文献 - 16 -

致 谢 - 18 -

中文摘要

文官集团是黄仁宇《万历十五年》中十分重要的一个集体形象，他们是研究《万历十五年》的一个重要侧面。黄仁宇在创作《万历十五年》时，将文官集团作为贯穿全书的一条线索，书中主要人物都与文官集团有着或多或少的联系，文官集团在书中是一个形象各异却有统一价值观的一个集体，值得去深入挖掘。《万历十五年》是黄仁宇关于明史研究的代表之作，分析《万历十五年》中的文官集团形象有助于更好地理解黄仁宇的创作思想，更好地了解中晚明时期的政治格局和历史发展。本文尝试从三个角度分析《万历十五年》中的文官集团形象：第一，考察文官集团与皇权的关系，探究文官集团的价值取向和政治影响；第二，由张居正、申时行、李贽三个具体人物的研究，探讨出文官集团内部的不同形象，分析存在于他们身上的相似特质；第三，分析文官集团与武将的关系，浅析文官集团对明代重文轻武格局的影响，以及文官集团与武将之间的相互关联。通过三个层次的研究，归纳出文官集团在《万历十五年》中的具体形象和价值所在。

关键词：《万历十五年》；《明史》；文官集团

ABSTRACT

The civil affairs group is a very important collective image in Ray Huang's 1587，A Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline. When Ray Huang created the 1587，A Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline, he took the civil administration group as a hidden line of the whole book and depicted it more. The civil administration group in the book is a collective with different images but unified values, which is worth digging into. "1587，A Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline" is a representative work of Ray Huang on the study of the history of the Ming dynasty. The analysis of the image of the group of civil officials in "1587，A Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline" is conducive to a better understanding of Ray Huang's creative thoughts and a better understanding of the political pattern and historical development in the middle and late Ming dynasties. This paper attempts to analyze the image of the civil group in 1587，A Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline from three perspectives: first, to investigate the relationship between the civil group and the imperial power, and explore the value orientation and political influence of the civil group; Secondly, through the study of three specific figures, namely, Zhang Juzheng, Shen Shixing and Li Zhi, different images within the civil service group are discussed and the similar characteristics are analyzed. Thirdly, the relationship between the civilian groups and the military generals was analyzed, the influence of the civilian groups on the pattern of the Ming dynasty, and the correlation between the civilian groups and the military generals. Through three levels of research, the paper concludes the specific image and value of the civil administration group in the 1587，A Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline.

Key words: 1587，A Year of No Significance: The Ming Dynasty in Decline;The History of the Ming Dynasty; The civil affairs group

1.前言